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THE CLONES
Over 45 countries ban it, religious organizations condemn it, most Public Opinion is against it. Even many of the worlds leading scientists are against the idea. But this has not stopped some scientists from continuing it's research and pushing for its development.
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Possible Benefits
Today there are some facilities that clone pets. People have paid up to a $100,000 to have their pets cloned.
There are those who believe human cloning would benefit parents who have lost a child. Giving them an opportunity to replace the child through cloning.
There are those who believe human cloning would benefit parents who have lost a child. Giving them an opportunity to replace the child through cloning.
The big risk with transplanting organs from one person to another is that the body may reject it, as the immune system is programmed to attack foreign object, This is the reason why, when possible, family members are the best donors as they have similar DNA.
But because not every organ can be donated from a living person (not without killing them) this is not always possible. And even when in case with organs that can be donated, family may not be willing to donate as it may put them at risk.
To add to this is the fact there is a shortage of organ donors. Those in need of organs are put on waiting list with hopes an organ becoming available.
The possible solution to this could be the cloning of human organs
But because not every organ can be donated from a living person (not without killing them) this is not always possible. And even when in case with organs that can be donated, family may not be willing to donate as it may put them at risk.
To add to this is the fact there is a shortage of organ donors. Those in need of organs are put on waiting list with hopes an organ becoming available.
The possible solution to this could be the cloning of human organs
Concerns & Fears
Many believe cloning is science going too far. They consider it unethical and view it as man playing God.
In animal cloning there have be instances of animals being born with defects. The most famous is "Dolly The Sheep" who aged faster and died earlier than the sheep she was cloned from. Scientist involved with cloning will point out the majority or cloned animals turn out healthy and that the number of clones born with defects has decreased over the years.
But successes in animal cloning does not mean human cloning will have the same results.
But successes in animal cloning does not mean human cloning will have the same results.
While the idea of human cloning for organ and part transplants sounds rosy but there's more to the process.
It requires time for the cloned DNA to grow into functional organs. For those who need organs in a short time period this may not be an option. To solve this problem scientist propose having organ farms, special facilities where organs will be grown, stored, and made ready available to those who need them.
Many fear human organ cloning could lead to full out human cloning.
It requires time for the cloned DNA to grow into functional organs. For those who need organs in a short time period this may not be an option. To solve this problem scientist propose having organ farms, special facilities where organs will be grown, stored, and made ready available to those who need them.
Many fear human organ cloning could lead to full out human cloning.
Cloning represents a very clear, powerful, and immediate example in which we are in danger of turning procreation into manufacture.
Therapeutic cloning could allow an individual's own cells to be used to treat or cure that person's disease, without risk of introducing foreign cells that may be rejected.
The practice of cloning would usurp the role of creator and would thus be seen as an offence before God....
Types of Cloning
Animal Cloning allows livestock breeders to create an exact genetic copy of an existing animal, essentially an identical twin. Clones are superior breeding animals used to produce healthier offspring.
Some of the animals that have been successfully cloned
To see full list of cloned animals on Wikipedia "List of Cloned Animals"
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Some of the animals that have been successfully cloned
- Sheep
- Horses
- Cattle
- Camels
- Pigs
- Monkeys
- Mice
- Goats
To see full list of cloned animals on Wikipedia "List of Cloned Animals"
VIEW LIST
" Therapeutic cloning involves creating a cloned embryo for the sole purpose of producing embryonic stem cells with the same DNA as the donor cell. These stem cells can be used in experiments aimed at understanding disease and developing new treatments for disease. "
National Human Genome Research Institute
National Human Genome Research Institute
Human Cloning: the process of coping the genes as a pre‐existing person in order to produce a clone is banned in most countries. But not all countries and one doctor has claim to have already clone the first human.
History
1938
1938
German scientist Hans Spemann proposes a "fantastical experiment" to transfer one cell's nucleus into an egg without a nucleus, the basic method that would eventually be used in cloning.
1952 - 1953
1952 - 1953
- Briggs and King clone frogs by using nuclear transfer.
- In 1952 Scientist Rosalind Franklin work produces "Photo 51" an X-Ray image DNA that would later enable scientist to discover the structure of DNA.
- 1953 Jason Watson and Francis Crick find the structure of DNA
1966
1966
- Niremberg, Mathaei, and Ochoa crack the genetic code and opening the door to advances in genetic engineering.
1996 - 1997
1996 - 1997
- Dolly, the first animal cloned from adult cells, is born
- US President Bill Clinton bans any use of federal funding for human cloning.
2001
2001
The first human clone embryo is produced; it is planned for embryonic stem cell harvesting, not reproductive cloning.
2018
2018
- Scientist, He Jiankui, claims he helped create world's first genetically-modified babies
Wabot Robot
Waseda University initiated the WABOT project in 1967, and in 1972 completed the WABOT-1, the world's first full-scale humanoid intelligent robot. It was the first android, able to walk, communicate with a person in Japanese (with an artificial mouth), measure distances and directions to the objects using external receptors (artificial ears and eyes), and grip and transport objects with hands.
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